Spanish-American War Papers, SPAM

Restrictions on Access:

There are no restrictions on accessing this collection.

Processing Information:

The collection was organized into nine folders based on size and subject content of the photographs. All of the photographs have been numbered with a soft HB No. 2 pencil on the back, according to the collection number, the folder number, and an individual image number. For example, the number "SPAM 1.F1.1" should be interpreted as "Spanish-American War Papers 1 collection, Folder 1, Photograph 1." The identification of these images has been created in the finding aid, but not written on the photographs themselves. Historical research was conducted using period histories of the First North Carolina Regiment and of George E. Butler during the Spanish-American War, to provide circa dates and descriptions of the images. All of the descriptions correspond with available historical records. All photographs were sleeved in acid-free archival plastic photograph sleeves, to allow for users to safely handle the images and protect the photographs from physical damage over time.

Biographical Note:

George Edwin Butler was born on June 5, 1868, in the community of Salemburg in Sampson County, North Carolina, to Wiley and Romelia Ferrill Butler. George's father was a farmer, and the family had six children raised on the farm. George Butler attended Salem High School. He went on to study in college at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill from 1887 to 1889. Butler returned to Sampson County, and served as the principal of Salem High School for three years.

In 1893, Butler returned to UNC-Chapel Hill to study law. After finishing law school, George Butler returned home to become the co-superintendent of public instruction for Sampson County, North Carolina. He would also set up a law practice in Clinton, North Carolina, that later became known as Butler & Butler (present-day Butler & Butler, L.L.P.). George's older brothers Marion Butler was a U.S. Senator from North Carolina, serving between 1895 and 1901, and was the national chairman of the Populist Party that influenced the results of the 1896 U.S. Presidential election. Likely inspired by his brother, George Butler ran successfully for a seat in the North Carolina State Senate in 1897.

However, due to the United States involvement in the Spanish-American War in 1898, Butler had to put his political aspirations on hold when he volunteered for military duty in Cuba during the war. Butler was commissioned a major, serving in the First North Carolina Regiment of the U.S. Volunteers. The First North Carolina Regiment was ordered from Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacksonville, Florida, in May 1898 to be stationed before being sent to Cuba. The regiment left Raleigh, North Carolina, on May 22, 1898, in three sections aboard the Southern Railway. While the train carrying the regiment was seven miles south of Savannah, Georgia, a section of the troop transport train containing Major Butler's command of the First North Carolina collided with a freight train. One man was killed, and seven men were severely injured in the crash.

The First North Carolina Regiment arrived in Jacksonville, Florida, on May 23, 1898, where the regiment pitched camp two miles from the city. Butler was involved in running the regiment through daily drills and instructions, while the U.S. Volunteers were waiting for their orders to travel to Cuba during the negotiations with Spain to end the war. On October 24, 1898, the First North Carolina broke camp, and were transferred to Savannah, Georgia, to be stationed with the Seventh U.S. Army Corps outside of the city. On the morning of December 7, 1898, the First North Carolina Regiment broke camp and boarded the troop transport ship Roumania, sailing the next day for Havana, Cuba.

The men of the First North Carolina Regiment arrived in Havana on the evening of December 11, 1898. The previous day, December 10, 1898, the native Cubans threw parades from the borough of Marianao to Havana, waiving American and Cuban flags, as they celebrated the arrival of the first American troops. The First North Carolina Regiment would have encountered these celebrations after they had begun in Havana upon disembarking from the transport ship. The men were transported on the Mariano (or Marianao) Railroad to Camp Columbia, the U.S. military camp, at Buena Vista Station, seven miles outside of Havana. The First North Carolina was present for the ceremony of the raising of the American flag over Morro Castle in Havana, Cuba, on January 1, 1899, upon the leaving of the Spanish troops from the country. The First North Carolina Regiment remained in the country until March 18, 1899, when they sailed for Savannah, Georgia. The First North Carolina arrived in Savannah on March 28, 1899, and were mustered out of service on April 22, 1899.

During his service in Cuba, Butler, in addition to his normal duties, served as a Summary Court Martial Officer and was president of the General Court Martial Board of the Seventh U. S. Army Corps. After serving in the Spanish-American War, George Butler would always be addressed as "Major" for the rest of his life. Following the war, Butler returned to his law practice in Clinton, North Carolina.

George E. Butler married Eva Boykin Lee on January 8, 1902, in Sampson County, North Carolina. The couple had three sons-Algernon, Edwin, and Mossette-and one daughter-Frances. In addition to his law practice, during this period George Butler became a trustee of the University of North Carolina, and served as a director of the Bank of Clinton. He also continued his interest in politics, being elected to the North Carolina State House of Representatives in 1905 as a Republican.

Following his term in the state house, George Butler resumed his law practice, while continuing his active involvement in Republican politics as a candidate for various offices and as a state Republican Party executive. The offices Butler sought during the years after his term in the State House included the following: State Attorney General; Superior Court Judge; and Supreme Court Judge in 1924. Butler also ran for the Republican nomination to the U. S. Senate in 1930, and was the Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives from the Third District (North Carolina) twice. He was unsuccessful in all of these races. Butler continued to be an active member of the Republican State Executive Committee for North Carolina, and served as a delegate to several Republican National Conventions from the state. At the time of his death, Butler was a member of the Committee to Revise the North Carolina State Constitution.

George Butler was also very involved in civic life. He was twice president of the Sampson County Agricultural Society, and was the first president of the Sampson County Chamber of Commerce. Butler also served as commander of the North Carolina Home Guard during World War I, and was a member of the Ports and Terminals Commission under Governor Morrison from 1921 to 1925. He was head of the state organization of the Rotary Club, and was a chairman of the Executive Committee of the North Carolina State Bar Association.

Likely harkening back to his days as a principal, George Butler held a special interest in public education in North Carolina. He advocated local taxation for public schools, consolidated school districts, raising standards for county superintendents, and equal educational opportunity for all children in the state. In 1916, Butler published a book titled The Croatan Indians of Sampson County, North Carolina: Their Origin and Racial Status. A Plea for Separate Schools. The book is now controversial for its conclusions over racial issues related to American Indianswithin the state, and corresponds with the national controversy in present-day historical scholarship over American Indian schools run by state or local officials between the 1910s and 1930s.

George E. Butler died in Clinton, North Carolina, on May 1, 1941, and was buried in Springvale Cemetery in the same city.

[Much of the information in this biography was taken from the following sources: Biographical Information note in the finding aid for the Geo. E. Butler Papers, #4402, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Information also was taken from the book Roster of the North Carolina volunteers in the Spanish-American war, 1898-1899 (1900) by the North Carolina Adjutant General's Department; and the "Wiley Butler" entry, The Heritage of Sampson County, North Carolina (Vol. 1), Oscar M. Bizzell, ed.].

Scope and Content:

The collection is composed of photographs and one personal copy of the U.S. Army 1877 Ordnance Property Regulations, documenting the service of Major George E. Butler in the First North Carolina Regiment of the U.S. Volunteers during the Spanish-American War from 1898 to 1899. The bulk of the collection contains photographs collected by or commissioned by George Butler while he was stationed in Savannah, Georgia; Jacksonville, Florida; and Havana, Cuba. The collection features two portraits of Bulter-one taken in Jacksonville while his regiment was stationed there in 1898, and one taken in Havana sometime between December 1898 and March 1899 (see SPAM 1.B1.F4.1 and SPAM 1.B1.F5.3).

There are a number of photographs showing members of the First North Carolina Regiment and other U.S. Volunteers' regiments in military camps in unidentified locations that could be in Savannah, Jacksonville, or Havana. One photograph in particular appears that it could have been taken of Camp Columbia, the U.S. Army's camp of occupation from December 1898 to March 1899, but there is no identification with the image to verify this attribution (see SPAM 1.B1.F9.2). Butler also kept two photographs of officers with the First North Carolina Regiment-both of which feature him-in various unidentified military camp locations (see SPAM 1.B1.F5.1 and SPAM 1.B1.F9.3).

There are three photographs showing the grave and memorials laid at the graves of the victims of the U.S.S. Maine sinking in the Colon Cemetery (locally-known as Cementerio de Cristóbal
Colón) in Havana, Cuba, in December 1898. George Butler's regiment was not in Havana until December 11, 1898; one of these three photographs was collected by Butler after a ceremony was held at the grave site on December 10, 1898 (see Box 1, Folder 7). Of particular interest in the collection are two photographs of a parade by native Cubans from the borough of Marianao to Havana, Cuba, that took place on December 10, 1898. These two photograph were also collected by Butler after his regiment arrived in Cuba (see Box 1, Folder 8).

The one item in the collection that is not a photograph is George Butler's personal U.S. Army 1877 Ordnance Property Regulations book. It contains Butler's handwritten inscription and unit identification on both the front and back pages of the book; Butler notes his locations as Jacksonville, Florida, and Havana, Cuba, on those pages. The book therefore traveled with Butler throughout his time in service in the Spanish-American War from 1898 to March 1899.

Restrictions on Access:

There are no restrictions on accessing this collection.

Processing:

The collection was a purchased collection donated to the Military Collection, with no known provenance or order. The collection was originally entitled "1st North Carolina Volunteer Infantry Papers." The collection was reprocessed in June 2021, in order to assign a new collection number and collection title to reflect an updated collection arrangement scheme begun by the Military Collection in 2015 to improve discoverability of collections by researchers.

From notations on the photographs, it seems many of the photographs were owned or produced by Col. Joseph F. Armfield, commander of the 1st North Carolina Regiment, and given to a man named Hugh R. Cowles of Statesville, NC. Cowles did not serve in the 1st North Carolina, though it seems two of his relatives did. Eight of the photographs had an original number written in pencil on the front of the board mounts, ranging from "2" through "11" with gaps in the sequence. The images were arranged in this collection in keeping with this numbering system to preserve the original order.

The photographs were originally stored together in a large archival paper negative envelope. This was not proper storage. The photograph were now individually stored in acid-free, archival plastic sleeves to allow for researchers to handle the original images without causing damage to the images' surface, and to improve preservation during long-term storage. All of the photographs have been numbered with a HB No. 2 pencil on the back, according to the collection number, the folder number, and an individual image number. For example, the number "SPAM 4.F1.1" should be interpreted as "Spanish-American War Papers 4 collection, Folder 1, Photograph 1." The identification of these images has been created in the finding aid, but not written on the photographs themselves by the processing archivist. Any notations on the photographs were written by the original owners or creators.

Copy negatives were made of the original photographic prints. They are now housed in the State Archives General Negative Collection, numbered as N.2007.9.2 through N.2007.9.11.

Historical Note:

The First North Carolina Regiment (also written as the First North Carolina Volunteer Infantry) was ordered from Raleigh, NC, to Jacksonville, Florida, in May 1898 to be stationed before being sent to Cuba. The regiment left Raleigh, NC, on May 22, 1898, in three sections aboard the Southern Railway. While the train carrying the regiment was seven miles south of Savannah, Georgia, a section of the troop transport train containing one of the commands of the First North Carolina collided with a freight train. One man was killed, and seven men were severely injured in the crash.

The First North Carolina Regiment arrived in Jacksonville, Florida, on May 23, 1898, where the regiment pitched camp two miles from the city in what was called Camp Cuba Libre. The regiment would prepare for any armed military conflict by digging entrenchments and running through daily drills and instructions near the camp, while the U.S. Volunteers were waiting for their orders to travel to Cuba during the negotiations with Spain to end the war. The men during this time in Jacksonville were subjected to poor conditions, mass desertions and a lack of supplies. On October 24, 1898, the First North Carolina broke camp, and were transferred to Savannah, Georgia, to be stationed with the Seventh U.S. Army Corps outside of the city. On the morning of December 7, 1898, the First North Carolina Regiment broke camp and boarded the troop transport ship Roumania, sailing the next day for Havana, Cuba.

The men of the First North Carolina Regiment arrived in Havana on the evening of December 11, 1898. The previous day, December 10, 1898, the native Cubans threw parades from the borough of Marianao to Havana, waiving American and Cuban flags, as they celebrated the arrival of the first American troops. The First North Carolina Regiment would have encountered these celebrations after they had begun in Havana upon disembarking from the transport ship.
The men were transported on the Mariano (or Marianao) Railroad to Camp Columbia, the U.S. military camp, at Buena Vista Station, seven miles outside of Havana.

The First North Carolina was present for the ceremony of the raising of the American flag over Morro Castle in Havana, Cuba, on January 1, 1899, upon the leaving of the Spanish troops from the country. The First North Carolina Regiment remained in the country until March 18, 1899, when they sailed for Savannah, Georgia. The First North Carolina arrived in Savannah on March 28, 1899, and were mustered out of service on April 22, 1899. In all, the First North Carolina saw around four months of occupation duty in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War.

Scope and Content:

The collection is composed of 10 photographs documenting the First North Carolina Volunteer Infantry (also written as the First North Carolina Regiment), while it was stationed at Camp Cuba Libre in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1898. The photographs show the unit digging trenches and drilling bear Camp Cuba Libre. From notations on the photographs, it seems many of the photographs were owned or produced by Col. Joseph F. Armfield, commander of the First North Carolina Regiment, and given to a man named Hugh R. Cowles of Statesville, NC. Cowles did not serve in the 1st North Carolina, though it seems two of his relatives did.

Restrictions on Access:

There are no restrictions on accessing this collection.

Processing Information:

The service history was stored in a non-archival folder dating to before the 1970s, with a description of what it was typed on the front cover of the folder. Over time, multiple single-item Spanish-American War collections were stored in this folder with the service history, leaving confusion for researchers as to which collection the item belonged. Also, there was no formal collection title or number prior to 2021. In June 2021, the collection was reprocessed in order to properly title and number the collection. The first page of the service history had a corner bent over time because of the poor storage in original folder. The history was rehoused in an acid-free archival folder. The history was written between 1900 and 1934.

Biographical Note:

Romulus W. Young was born on October 25, 1877, in Wake County, NC, to Young Ezekiel and Charity E. Gulley Young. By 1880, Young E. Young was working as a farmer in the area of Gulley's Mill in Wake County. Little is known about Romulus Young's life before 1898. Romulus Young volunteered for the North Carolina National Guard in April 1898 in Raleigh, NC, during the Spanish-American War. He was mustered into active service as a Wagoner in Company K, 1st North Carolina Volunteer Infantry, on May 2, 1898.

The First North Carolina Regiment (also written as the First North Carolina Volunteer Infantry) was ordered from Raleigh, NC, to Jacksonville, Florida, in May 1898 to be stationed before being sent to Cuba. The regiment left Raleigh, NC, on May 22, 1898, in three sections aboard the Southern Railway. While the train carrying the regiment was seven miles south of Savannah, Georgia, a section of the troop transport train containing one of the commands of the First North Carolina collided with a freight train. One man was killed, and seven men were severely injured in the crash.

The First North Carolina Regiment arrived in Jacksonville, Florida, on May 23, 1898, where the regiment pitched camp two miles from the city in what was called Camp Cuba Libre. The regiment would prepare for any armed military conflict by digging entrenchments and running through daily drills and instructions near the camp, while the U.S. Volunteers were waiting for their orders to travel to Cuba during the negotiations with Spain to end the war. The men during this time in Jacksonville were subjected to poor conditions, mass desertions and a lack of supplies. On October 24, 1898, the First North Carolina broke camp, and were transferred to Savannah, Georgia, to be stationed with the Seventh U.S. Army Corps outside of the city. On the morning of December 7, 1898, the First North Carolina Regiment broke camp and boarded the troop transport ship Roumania, sailing the next day for Havana, Cuba.

The men of the First North Carolina Regiment arrived in Havana on the evening of December 11, 1898. The previous day, December 10, 1898, the native Cubans threw parades from the borough of Marianao to Havana, waiving American and Cuban flags, as they celebrated the arrival of the first American troops. The First North Carolina Regiment would have encountered these celebrations after they had begun in Havana upon disembarking from the transport ship. The men were transported on the Mariano (or Marianao) Railroad to Camp Columbia, the U.S. military camp, at Buena Vista Station, seven miles outside of Havana.

The First North Carolina was present for the ceremony of the raising of the American flag over Morro Castle in Havana, Cuba, on January 1, 1899, upon the leaving of the Spanish troops from the country. The First North Carolina Regiment remained in the country until March 18, 1899, when they sailed for Savannah, Georgia. The First North Carolina arrived in Savannah on March 28, 1899, and were mustered out of service on April 22, 1899. In all, the First North Carolina saw around four months of occupation duty in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War. Young mustered out of service on April 26, 1899, at Savannah, Georgia.

After his National Guard duty, Romulus Young re-enlisted for service in the U.S. Army on June 22, 1899, in Raleigh, NC. He would be assigned duty as a Private with Company F, 4th U.S. Infantry Regiment, which would be stationed in the Philippines for U.S. military occupation of the islands after the Spanish-American War. Young became ill while in the Philippines, and was transferred back to the United States in October 1900. Romulus W. Young would die in the U.S. General Hospital in the Presidio in San Francisco, California, of amoebic dysentery (possibly colonic amoebic dysentery) on November 8, 1900. Young's body was shipped back home for burial in the Young Family Cemetery in Gulley's Mill in Panther Branch Township, Wake County, NC.

Scope and Content:

The collection is composed of a two-page, handwritten service history for Romulus W. Young of the community of Gulley's Mill in Wake County, NC, during the Spanish-American War. Young served in Company K, 1st North Carolina Volunteer Infantry, from 1898 to 1899. He re-enlisted in June 1899 and was assigned to Company F, 4th U.S. Infantry Regiment, which served in the Philippines. Young became ill, and returned to the United States before dying in San Francisco, California, in November 1900. The service history was written and submitted to the State Archives of North Carolina by Young's father, Young E. Young of Gulley's Mill, NC.

Restrictions on Access:

There are no restrictions on accessing this collection.

Processing Information:

The collection is composed of three photographs purchased by the donor, who was a militaria collector. When the collection was donated to the Military Collection, there was no known provenance for the photographs. The collection was originally entitled "Fred M. Gurganus Collection" after the donor's name, but they misspelled his last name on the collection title. The collection was reprocessed in June 2021, in order to assign a new collection number and collection title to reflect an updated collection arrangement scheme begun by the Military Collection in 2015 to improve discoverability of collections by researchers. The collection title was renamed after the military unit featured in the photographs.

The photographs were originally stored together in a regular folder in an older flat fibredex box. This was not proper storage, and the individual photographs had no protection. The photographs are now individually stored in acid-free, archival plastic L-sleeves to allow for researchers to handle the original images without causing damage to the images' surface, and to improve preservation during long-term storage. The sleeves are not quite large enough to cover the full boarders of the mounted photographs, but the sleeves do cover the image surfaces of the photographs. Two of the original photographs are torn diagonally through the who photograph, with an unidentified individual in the past attempting to stabilize the torn sections by using office cellulose tape on both side to keep the pieces together. The tape was left as it is, as there is nothing else keeping the photographs together, and some of the tape is on the front of the photograph (which cannot be safely removed).

All of the photographs have been numbered with a HB No. 2 pencil on the back, according to the collection number, the folder number, and an individual image number. For example, the number "SPAM 8.F1.1" should be interpreted as "Spanish-American War Papers 8 collection, Folder 1, Photograph 1." The identification of these images has been created in the finding aid, but not written on the photographs themselves by the processing archivist. Any notations on the photographs were written by the original owners or creators.

Historical Note:

In response to President William McKinley's call for troops following the sinking of the USS Maine on February 15, 1898, North Carolina recruited two regiments of volunteer white troops and a third of Black enlisted men and officers to participate in the Spanish-American War. The 1st and 2nd North Carolina Regiments encountered numerous challenges during their time one active service, including large numbers of desertions, medical discharges, low morale, oppressive heat, and a lack of training in proper handling of fire arms. The 2nd North Carolina Regiment was mustered into active service for the war on May 8, 1918. It had 52 officers and 930 enlisted men in its ranks at that point.

Since the 1st North Carolina Regiment was overflowing the space available at Camp Bryan Grimes in Raleigh, NC, the 2nd North Carolina Regiment (also referred to as the 2nd North Carolina Volunteer Infantry) would have to move its campground to the North Carolina State Fairgrounds on the west side of Raleigh. On May 18, 1898, Col. W. H. S. Burgwyn of the 2nd Regiment announced that the new camp would be named Camp Dan Russell, after the state's governor Daniel Lindsay Russell. The regiment pitched its tents on the fairgrounds, made use of the existing fair buildings, and held dress parades. A strict system of daily squad, company, and battalion drills were held by the officers to rapidly bring the inexperienced unit up to better state of efficiency. Early on, the 2nd North Carolina tried to maintain this order by holding regular dress parades in the enclosure inside the racetrack, in which the organized men and their regimental band paraded in front of crowds of visitors from around North Carolina seated in a grandstand. The temporary camp served as a mobilization and training facility for North Carolina volunteers in 1898.

By early July 1918, half of the troops from the 2nd North Carolina were sick, and excused from active duty. An outbreak of typhoid fever killed seven men, and sent many to the camp hospital. Boredom, delays in pay, and a lack of sufficient uniforms and weapons contributed to morale and discipline problems at Camp Russell. Many men deserted and were replaced by people wanted by the authorities as criminals (as they were trying to get away from the consequences for their crimes by entering military service). Such a circumstance began to damage the 2nd North Carolina's reputation.

Eleven companies titled A through M were enlisted in the 2nd North Carolina. There was no Company J created, to eliminate the confusion that resulted between the cursive capital letters I and J which would appear on all forms (as was the tradition of the U.S. Army). After six weeks of camp training at Camp Russell, eight companies were detached for duty along the coasts of South Carolina, Florida and Georgia. Companies A and E were sent to Tybee Island, Georgia. Companies D and G went to Land's End, SC. Companies C and I were sent to St. Augustine, Florida. Companies F and M were also temporarily sent to Fort McPherson in Atlanta, Georgia, for garrison at that point. Headquarters staff and the three remaining companies-B, H, and K-of the 2nd North Carolina were sent to St. Simon's Island, Georgia. The companies at Tybee and Land's End suffered through the 1898 Georgia hurricane, which was the strongest hurricane on record in Georgia to that time. The 2nd North Carolina's regiments there had their tents blown away and a great amount of personal property lost. The units' were camps submerged under water due to a huge storm surge.

The 2nd North Carolina Regiment was ordered back to the state in late September 1898, with the regiment eventually moving to Camp Bryan Grimes. By October 1898, the North Carolina State Fair was in operation and took over their former camp ground.

Since the 2nd Regiment left for new posts in Georgia and Florida in late July 1898, by 2 August only a surgeon, a chaplain, a few guards, and a handful of attendants remained in the camp hospital caring for 27 patients, some with typhoid fever. When the 2nd Regiment returned to Raleigh in September at the end of the war, they occupied Camp Bryan Grimes. During the regiment's time in service, it had twenty enlisted men die from disease; fifty-five discharged on disability; one person court-martialed; and twenty-seven men deserted. The 2nd North Carolina Regiment went through its mustering out of active service from November 25, 1898, in North Carolina. The unit mustered out of service with 49 officers and 1,213 enlisted men.

[Information and whole sections of this historical note were taken directly from the following sources: Wiley J. Williams, "Spanish-American War," taken from the Encyclopedia of North Carolina, edited by William S. Powell, University of North Carolina Press, 2006, viewed online at https://www.ncpedia.org/spanish-american-war; "A Brief History of the 2nd North Carolina Volunteer Infantry," compiled by Creighton Lovelace, viewed online at https://www.spanamwar.com/2ndnorthcarolina.html; United States Adjutant General's Office, Statistical Exhibit of Strength of Volunteer Forces Called Into Service During the War With Spain; with Losses From All Causes, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899].

Scope and Content:

The collection is composed of three original board-mounted photographs documenting the 2nd North Carolina Regiment during the Spanish-American War. The photographs were acquired by former U.S. Marine and militaria collector Fred Greguras of California, who donated them to the State Archives of North Carolina to add to the Spanish-American War Papers. Two of the photographs depict scenes of the 2nd North Carolina while in camp at Camp Dan Russell at the North Carolina State Fairgrounds in Raleigh, NC, in 1898. These two photographs were taken by Edward D. Macfee Jr., who had a photography studio in Raleigh. There is also one unidentified photograph that is believed to show the encampment of the 2nd North Carolina Regiment at St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Restrictions on Access:

There are no restrictions on accessing this collection.

Processing Information:

The newspaper was located to a large, flat archival folder for better long-term preservation. The folder is stored in the Spanish-American War Papers draw of the Military Collection's map case in the State Archives Stacks 3B. The folder is labeled with the collection number, collection title, and folder number written on it.

Scope and Content:

The collection is composed of one original newspaper issue and one photograph supplement of the Havana Post newspaper, dated to March 24, 1912. The newspaper was the largest-circulating English-language newspaper in Cuba in the late 1800s and early 1900s. This issue covers the burial of the 66 unidentified U.S. Navy service members from the USS Maine in Arlington National Cemetery and the creation of the USS Maine Memorial at the cemetery in March 1912. A photographic supplement included with the main issue includes photographs and essays documenting the recovery of the USS Maine's wreck and the unidentified bodies, and various aspects around the loss of the Maine in 1898.